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AREEBA
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Tue Sep 29, 2009 12:07 am
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Post subject: REGIONAL DIFFERENCES 
india occupies about 2.4 percent [32,87,263 sq.km of land area]of the world area,and 17 percent [1028 million-2001 census]of the world population.there are 28 states in india and 7 union territories.each region or state and each sub-region within the states differ in terms of people and resources.threfore,there are regional imbalances or differences among the states,and also among the sub-regions of each other.
some regions are developed.others have remained backward,even after 6 decades of independence.the most backward region is the north-east,whereas,the western and southern regions have shown improvement in economic and social development since independence.
some degree of difference of imbalance may arise due to differences in natural resources,inborn quality of people and other advantages or disadvantages,certain imbalances persist largely because of political misrule,especially,in the most backward states of india such as the BIMARU [bihar,madhya pradesh,rajasthan and UP]staes.people in the backward regions are equally responsible for backwardness as they are not making sincere and serious efforts to overcome the imbalances.
the various regional differences are in respect of:
1.LITERACY:in india,the states differ in terms of literacy rates.some states like kerala,the literacy rate is over 90 percent,whereas,in bihar the literacy rate is below 50 percent.in the backward states,such as bihar [33 percent],rajasthan [44 percent] and UP [42 percent],the literacy rate of women is much below the national average.the low level of literacy,[especially among the poor],is one of the reasons as to whythere is high birth rate in the bachward states,as compared to the top literate states of kerala,mizoram and goa.
2.BIRTH RATE AND DEATH RATE:india has the second largest population in the world,after china.at present,the growth of population is higher in india as compared to china,and it is likely that india will overtake china in terms of population after some years from now.in the highly populated and backward states ofr north india like bihar,madhya pradesh,rajasthan and UP,the birth rate is very high,as compared to literate southern states kerala,tamil nadu,karnataka and andhra pradesh.also,the death rate is also high in the backward states.
BIRTH AND DEATH IN SELECTED STATES 2005
STATES BIRTH RATE DEATH RATE
[per 1000] [per 1000]
BIHAR 30.4 8.7
madhya pradesh 29.4 9.0
rajasthan 28.6 7.0
UP 30.4 8.7
andhra pradesh 19.1 7.3
karnataka 20.6 7.1
KERALA 15.0 6.4
tamil nadu 16.5 7.4
3.URBANIZATION:in india,there is imbalance in terms of urbanization of population,in some regions,the urban population has increased over the years;whereas,certain backwad regions are very slow in the growth of urban population.for instance,the growth of urban population in madhya pradesh has increased by 5.2 percent from 1991-2001,and in bihar[the only state] the urban population has declined by 23.6 percent from 1991-2001.however,in states there has been a good growth of urban population from 1991-2001-haryana [48.8 percent] himachal pradesh [50 percent].
4.POVERTY:the incidence of poverty is quite high in backward states,as compared to the developed states.in 1999-00,the all india population living below poverty line was 26 percent,which came down to 22 percent in 2004-05.
in india,there is widespread poverty in some states.the highest poverty is in orissa,followed by bihar and madhya pradesh.the low poverty states are jammu and kashmir,goa,and punjab.the following data indicates percentage of population below poverty line in 1999-00:
PERCENTAGE BELOW POVERTY-LINE [1999-2000]
LOW POVERTY STATES PERCENT
jammu and kashmir 3.5
goa 4.4
punjab 6.2
HIGH POVERTY STATES PERCENT
orissa 47.2
bihar 42.6
madhya pradesh 37.4
5.INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT:there is regional imbalance in infrastructure development.there is low level of infrastructure development such as transport,communications,banking,etc.,in most of the states,especially the northern and eastern states.for instance,it is estimated that nearly 50 percent of the villages in india,do not have proper roads and transport facilities.most of such villages are located in the northen and eastern states.
6.LEVEL OF UNEMPLOYMENT:the overall unemployment situation in india is equally worse.while unemployment exists in all the states of india,its incidence is very high,at over 10 percent in the most literate states of kerala,goa and tamil nadu.in the poor states like orissa,bihar,madhya pradesh and UP,while the unemployment rates are lower,the people are suffering acutely because of very low vages.
7.INDUSTRIALIZATION:there is regional imbalance as far as industries are concerned.certain states like maharashtra,gujarat,tamil nadu and karnataka have made good progress in industrialization.but many states lack bahind,especially,the north eastern states.industrialization is also weak in southern states like kerala and andhra pradesh.
8.INCOME INEQUALITIES:in india,there are glaring income inequalities.according to world development report,2003,the top 10 percent of india's population has 33.5 percent of the total income,and the bottom 10 percent has only 3.5 percent of the total income in the country.the income inequalities are glaring mostly in the highly populated states of bihar,madhya pradesh,rajasthan and UP mainly due to low wages,especially in the unorganized sector.
9.GENDER-RATIO:in india,the gender ratio is in favour of males.however,there are imbalances in gender ratio across the states.kerala is the only state where females out number males.haryana is the worst state as far as gender ratio is concerned.the southern states are better in terms of female-male ratio,whereas,northern states show a dete riorating situation.the worsening gender ratio in the north indicates that females do not get proper treatment as compared to the males.
as per 2001 census,there are 933 females per 1000 males.the following table indicates gender-ratio of select states:
GENDER RATIO[FEMALES PER 1000 MALES-2001 CENSUS]
STATE GENDER RATIO
KERALA 1058
tamil nadu 987
andhra pradesh 978
UP 898
punjab 876
HARYANA 861
10.LIFE EXPECTANCY:there are regional differences in respect of life expectancy as well.biologically,the females are expected to live longer than males.but in certain states of india,the life expectancy of females is less than the males,in particular,states like bihar,madhya pradesh and UP,have low life expestancy for females as compared to males.but in southern states like kerala,andhra pradesh,tamil nadu and karnataka,the life expectancy of females is higher.this indicates that the health of women is neglected in the northern states.
LIFE EXPECTANCY OF SELECT STATES [1999-2003]
STATES MALES FEMALES
[years] [years]
KERALA 70.9 76.0
tamil nadu 64.3 66.5
karnataka 62.9 66.4
andhra pradesh 62.2 64.8
bihar 61.6 59.7
UP 59.6 58.7
MADHYA PRADESH 57.6 56.9
all india 61.8 63.5
CONCLUSION:from the above explanation,it is clear that the southern states of india are comparatively better off in terms of population below poverty line,literacy rate,gender ratio,life expectancy,and so on.the northen states,especially,the BIMARU states perform poorly across most of the indicators.the western region-goa,gujarat and maharashtra is a progressive region.on the economic front,this region is slightly ahead of the southern region and a bit lower as compared to the social parameters[except goa].
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graham
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Wed Sep 30, 2009 1:16 pm
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Post subject: Re: REGIONAL DIFFERENCES
Thanks Areeba For this wonderful post may god bless And this information helped me a lot
_________________
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AREEBA
As a Family
Joined:
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Beans: 15
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Degree: 8
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Tue Oct 13, 2009 12:56 pm
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Post subject: Re: REGIONAL DIFFERENCES
THANKS FOR THE COMMENT GRAHAM.
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